Análise da incidência de úlcera de pressão no Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência em Ananindeua, PA / Analysis of the incidence of pressure ulcers at Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência in Ananindeua, PA

INTRODUÇÃO: A úlcera de pressão configura-se como uma das diversas complicações às quais pacientes hospitalizados estão suscetíveis, podendo levar à destruição parcial ou total de estruturas como tecidos cutâneo, subcutâneo e muscular, ossos e articulações. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, desenvolvido no Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência em Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Foram coletados dados pertinentes às variáveis sexo, idade (maior ou menor que 60 anos), grau de acometimento e local de acometimento das úlceras de pressão, nos setores Unidade de Terapia Intensiva 1 (UTI 1), Clínica Cirúrgica 1 e Neuroclínica. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 474 pacientes estudados, 17 desenvolveram úlcera de pressão, com maior incidência no sexo masculino (88,2 por cento), em estágio II (41,2 por cento) e na localização sacral (40 por cento). Pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade apresentaram incidência de 58,8 por cento de úlcera de pressão. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados obtidos neste estudo estão de acordo com os resultados apresentados na literatura. Ressalta-se a necessidade de criação de escalas de risco e medidas preventivas para diminuir a incidência de úlceras de pressão nos hospitais.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are one of many complications to which hospitalized patients are susceptible. Such ulcers may lead to partial or total destruction of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and muscular tissues, as well as of bones and articulations. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was carried out at Hospital Metropolitano de Urgência e Emergência em Ananindeua, PA, Brazil. Relevant data related to gender, age (younger or older than 60 years old), impairment degree, and region of pressure ulcer impairment were collected from Intensive Care Therapy 1 (UTI 1), Surgical Clinic 1, and the Neuro Clinic. RESULTS: Among 474 studied patients, 17 developed pressure ulcers, with greater incidence among male patients (88.2 percent), at stage II (41.2 percent) and in the sacral region (40 percent). Patients aged more than 60 years had an incidence rate of 58.8 percent for pressure ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained in this study are in accordance with the results presented in the literature. It is important to highlight the need for creating risk scales and preventive measures for decreasing the incidence of pressure ulcers in hospitals.

Inmunoterapia de la leishmaniasis cutánea: factores que influencian su efectividad / Immunotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis: factors that influence their effectiveness

En Venezuela se utiliza la inmunoterapia por su bondad terapéutica y operacional en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis cutánea y se aprecian diferencias de su efectividad entre los servicios locales de salud que la emplean. En el estado Mérida, donde se tiene un bajo nivel de falla terapéutica, se desconocen los factores de riesgo ó de protección que la determinan. Por ello se planteó realizar un estudio epidemiológico de casos y controles para evaluar los factores individuales demográficos, clínicos, inmunológicos y adherencia terapéutica que influyen en dicha efectividad. El ajuste con regresión logística determinó según definición: a) Demográfica: como riesgo las edades extremas, tabaquismo y de oficio doméstico, con protección en el alfabeto educativamente, b) Clínica: como riesgo la forma intermedia, cinco o más lesiones, infección secundaria y ubicación en pié, con protección en la forma localizada y tamaño menor a 60 mm, c) Inmunológica: de riesgo las bajas respuestas a leishmánina y PPD, d) Adherencia terapéutica: son riesgo la aplicación tópica y aseo local inadecuados. Se concluye, hay factores de riesgo y protección que modelan la eficacia de la inmunoterapia, lo que en consecuencia demanda una dinámica vigilancia clínico-epidemiológica para potenciar dicha terapéutica.

Immunotherapy is used in Venezuela as treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and there are differences among the health services that use it. In Merida State there are a low proportion of failures, but the factors that are related to this failure are unknown. A case-control study was planned to evaluate the demographics, clinical, immunological factors and the treatment compliance that can be related to the effectiveness. Logistic regression showed that the factors related to failure were: a) demographics: lower and older ages, smoking, domestic labor and illiteracy; b) clinical: intermediate leishmaniasis, five or more lesions, aggregated infection, lesions in feet, and lesion size above 60 mm; c) Immunology: low reactivity to Montenegro and tuberculin tests; d) treatment compliance: use of incorrect topical substances and inadequate cleaning of ulcer. As a conclusion, there are several factors that influence treatment response, that require clinical and epidemiological surveillance to increase the effect of therapy.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana humana e canina no Município de Mariluz, Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Human and canine American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mariluz, Paraná State, Brazil

Relata-se a ocorrência de um surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no ano de 2002, no Município de Mariluz, mesorregião noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Das 38 pessoas investigadas, quatro tinham lesões cicatrizadas, 10 em cicatrização e 24 tinham lesões ativas. Dos 126 cães investigados, 20 (15,9 por cento) tinham lesões sugestivas e 24 (19 por cento) tiveram sorologia positiva. Os parasitos isolados de dois pacientes e de três cães foram identificados como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis serodema I. Os flebotomíneos coletados foram identificados como Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai e Migonemyia migonei. Considerando que a área onde ocorreram os casos é semelhante a outras de colonização antiga no Estado do Paraná, acredita-se que as alterações ambientais e as matas remanescentes propiciam a manutenção do ciclo enzoótico do parasito e a transmissão para o homem e para os animais domésticos, mantendo o caráter endêmico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana.

An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in 2002 in Mariluz, northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. Of 38 humans who were investigated, four had healed lesions, ten showed lesions in the healing process, and 24 had active lesions. Of the 126 dogs, 20 (15.9 percent) presented suggestive lesions and 24 (19 percent) had positive serology. Parasites isolated from two patients and three dogs were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis serodeme I. The captured sand flies were identified as Nyssomyia whitmani, N. neivai, and Migonemyia migonei. Considering that the region where the cases occurred is similar to other old human settlements in Paraná State, the environmental alterations and remaining forests facilitate the maintenance of the parasite's enzootic cycle and transmission to humans and domestic animals, thereby maintaining the endemicity of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Ulcerated hemangiomas: clinical features and management.

Hemangioma is the most common tumor of infancy and ulceration is the most frequent complication of hemangioma. The purpose of this report was to review the clinical features and management of ulcerated hemangioma. A retrospective study of ulcerated hemangioma at the outpatient pediatric dermatology clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from 1992 to 2001 was performed. The medical records of 41 patients were reviewed. Twenty-eight females and 13 males were seen with a female/male ratio of 2.2: 1. Superficial hemangioma was the most common type (51%). Head and neck were the most frequently involved sites, affecting 21 cases (51%). Ulcerated hemangiomas were found on extremities, torso, and perineum of 9 patients (22%), 6 patients (15%) and 5 patients (12%), respectively. Ulceration was developed at a mean age of 3.9 months (range, 1-7 months). Conventional treatment with topical and/or systemic antibiotic was successfully used in 19 patients (46%). Oral prednisolone was used in 4 patients with large hemangiomas. The mean duration of treatment with oral prednisolone was 12 months. Flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (FPDL) was used in 16 patients who failed topical and/or systemic antibiotic. Fifteen patients (94%) healed within 1 to 3 treatments. Excision was done on a small superficial hemangioma on the cheek. In conclusion, head and neck were the most common sites of ulcerated hemangioma. Topical antibiotics and/or systemic antibiotics could be used as the first-line management of ulcerated hemangioma. FPDL was very effective in the treatment of ulcerated hemangioma.

Risk behaviours associated with urethritis and genital ulcer disease in prison inmates, Sindh, Pakistan

We evaluated the epidemiological differences with respect to demographics, drug use and sexual behaviours associated with lifetime risk of urethritis, genital ulcer disease [GUD] and urethritis and GUD together among 3395 male prisoners in Sindh. Factors associated with urethritis and GUD alone were sex with multiple females, sex with men, and ethnicity. Additional factors associated with urethritis alone were sex with prostitutes, sex with partners having multiple partners and sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs. Behaviours associated with lifetime risk for urethritis and GUD together were sex with multiple females, sex with prostitutes, sex with men, sex with partners believed to be injecting drugs and ethnicity. These relationships were consistently stronger compared to urethritis or GUD alone

Lesiones anorrectales en pacientes con SIDA / Anorrectal injuries in AIDS patients

En los últimos 6 años en Chile se han diagnosticado 507 pacientes con SIDA, de los cuales 104 han sido atendidos en nuestro hospital. Se realiza seguimiento de pacientes con SIDA desde nuestro primer caso en abril de 1986, hasta el 31 de julio de 1992. Se presentan 10 pacientes, todos ellos hombres, jóvenes (edad promedio 34 años), la mayoría homosexuales y bisexuales (80 por ciento ). Nueve tenían un SIDA etapa II o más (90 por ciento ), siendo la causa mas frecuente de consulta el dolor anal (8 pacientes) y el sangrado anal (6 pacientes); la patología encontrada en mayor porcentaje fueron las úlceras inespecíficas atípicas (7 pacientes). Se logró seguimiento en 50 por ciento de los casos con respuesta parcial al tratamiento médico. La mortalidad de este grupo fue 3 pacientes (30 por ciento )